Method of and apparatus for making implement sockets



March 9 1926. 1,576,304

J. E. BRYERS METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING IMPLEMENT SOCKETS Filed Jan. 10, 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet l imam/2 01a March 9 1926.

J. E. BRYERS METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING IMPLEMENT SOCKETS Filed Jan. 10, 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jrwmmw Patented Mar. 9, 1926.

1,576,304 PATENT E. IBERYERS, 0F JACKSON, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNQM. 'IEO THE AMERICAN 8c. HOE GOMPA-NY, -01? CLEVELAND, OHIQ, A GORP-GRANGE OFOHIOL- METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING IMPLEMENT SOCKETS.

Application fil'ed January 10;, 1921..

To a-Z-Ztvhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J OHN E; Barnes, a citizen of the United- States, residing at Jackson, in the county of Jackson and State of Michigan, have invented a' certain new and useful Improvement'in Methods of an d Apparatus for Making Implement :Sockets, of which the following is a full clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates. to the manufacture of implements having seamless sockets formed integral therewith. IlEeretofore it has been customary, in the lnannfactnre of agricultural tools for instance, to form a shank with :an enlarged flattened portion which was thereafter bent into an open socket form and welded at the meeting edges. 'Such method of manufacture has been comparatively expensive, and the tool produced has the disadi-"antage that the socket sometimes hrokeapart at the weld.

Inn y invention 'Itake a blanlrliaving' enlarged shank: portion, and by successive rolling, draw such shank over a mandrel to make a seamless socket. The method of manufacture is cheap and the result produced is highly desirable.

' My improved "method will be hereinafter more fully explained in connection with -the drawings, which illustrate the article in Va rious stages, and mechanism whichmay be employed in the forming and rolling operations;

the drawings, Fig. 1 is a plan of a piece of flat bar stock from which blanks of the form indicated may he cut; Fig. '2 is a perspective of one of such blanks; 3 is a perspective ofsa pair of dies for forming the shank and enlarged head portion adapted to become the socket; Fig, '4 is a side elevation of a rolling mechanism to force the enlarged head of the shank longitudinally over a mandrel; Fig 5 a front view ofthe mechanism shown in Fig. 4, the socket in various stages being illustrated in cross section, Fig. *6 is a perspective, partly loroken away, illustrating the completed socket.

In carrying out my method, I first talre a strip of loan" stock, indicated at A in 1, and punch from tlrissnitahle Ilol-anlrs B, each blank having a body portion and a shank portion 6'. Theedges of the body portion and the shank portion are formed a main frame F.

Serial No. 436,078.

complemen'tzrrily so that lay locating" the blanks alternately toward the right and left edges of thestripthereneed The no waste material. Fig. 2 shows the blank as cut from the A. This particular*hla-Irk is designed to form a hoe, but it willread ily be seen the invention is adapted for other tools, the bodyportion off the blank being. varied accordingly.

Afterforming the blank, as illustrated in Fig. 2, the next step is to forgethe shank by hammering or dies into a round bottleshaped form. There may be several operations to cause the shank to take this form, the final form at this stage being illustrated by the cylindrical shank proper and the enlarged round head 6 in Fig. 3.. G and C in Fig; 3" illustrates; pai-rot dies for finally giving the shank the form shown in that figure;

The next step process isrtoro-ll the round head '6 lengthwise away from the tool hody and over a mandrel; several successive rollings being desirable toefl'ect this operation. 4- 5 show, way off example, a editable mechanism for accomplishing this. these figures D and D:' represent a pair of cooperating. rolls having several passes of: successively en- 'larged sizes. There-ll is shown as having gudgeons -(Z' mounted in stationary bearings The roll D has gudgcons d mounted in an oscillating frame E. This oscillating frame is illustrated as having depending side portions ewh-i-ch are pivoted on studs f projecting from the stationary frame The oscillating ir-ame 'E has rear =extensions 6 each connected with the stationary frame by a pair of toggle liniks G, G ,pivoted respectively to the mainframe sand the oscillating frame and pivoted to each other at Around-the pivot pins 9" are shown rollers 'H, and against these rollers hearthe cam endscf levers J, pivoted on the studs 7 and having suitable operating rods K, which may be connected with atreadle, not shown. Suitable means, as a springl connected to the stationary frame and the -oserfulmeans :for'hr'in-ging the rolls together.

Slidahly mounted on the stationary frame F is a slidabl-er cross head M, having projecttion the oscillating frame.

ingfrom it a series of horns or mandrels m, there being one mandrelfor eachpass of the. rolls. with the center of the corresponding pass.

WVith some such apparatus as above-outlined, the tool having the headedshank, as 7 shown in Fig. 3, is placed in the smallest pass of therolls, the rolls being separated to allow such positioning and the head on the shank being at the rear of the rolls and rolled rearwardly over the point of the -mandrel'producing a structure which, adjacent to theend of the blank, has a form indicated by the cross section b inFig. 5.

Now the rolls are again separated and the partially formed blank is placed in the second pass and the rolls brought together and the mandrel for that passcaused to shove the blank thru the rolls, thus further thinning the material of the shank head and forcing it farther back on the mandrel, lengtheningthe socket portion andenlarging its hole as shown atb in Fig. 5;

j The operation described is continued for asmany successive passes asdesired. These successive passes are preferably each larger than the preceding one and the successive inandrels are also increased in size, the result being that the material is not only continu ously rolled lengthwise over the mandrel,

; but circumferentially stretched. There may also, if desired, be two or more rollings through each pass, the size of the pass being changed as desired by the operationof the foot treadle or; other means acting to posi- In the final pass the socket portion becomes quite thin and is rolled well back onto the mandrel, thus taking the form illustrated at 12 in Fig. 5.

. Fig. 6 illustrates at If the completed seamless socket as produced by the operation described. Inthis final form the socket has the desired length and has been reduced to the thin wall desired, leaving the internal cavity 6 This socket is seamless and con nects integrally with the shank b and for use only needs trimming off of the extreme end and the usual operations of grinding and polishing. I I I Fig. 6 shows the completed socket, and shank formedv with the head portion of the blank Z) in its original form. Thishead portion may now be forged into whatever form desired, as for-instance a hoe head, and

the shank portion 25 may be bent into the usual goose neck form, or any other form Each mandrel has its axis aligned given according to the tool made. If desired, the head portion ofthe blank may be formed into its tool form before the socket is formed instead of afterwards, or the formation-of the socket and the-tool proper may go on in alternate steps. During the various forging operations it is to be understood the blank will be reheated at various stages as necessary.

My operation is comparatively simple and is cheaply carried out, and experience has demonstrated that it produces a seamless socket of great strength and neat appearance. Y

I claim 1. The method of making sockets for implements comprising rolling the end portion of a blank over the end of a rigidly held mandrel toward which the blank is pushed by rolls which have the same direction of travel at the lines of contact, and subsequently rolling such portion over a larger mandrel between rolls having a larger pass and having the same direction of travel at the lines of contact. I

2. The method of making implement sockets comprising forming a blank with a body portion and a shank portion, then rounding the shank portion, then drawing the end of the shank portion by successive rollings through successively enlarged passes over successively enlarged tapered and pointed mandrels aligned with the passes, therolling members on opposite sides of the blank having the same direction of travel at the lines of contact, Which directionis parallel with the axis of the mandrel, the rollers first engaging the shank and forcing it over a posteriorly disposed mandrel.

The method of making implements having seamless sockets comprisingcutting of a blank having a body portion and a shank portion, rounding the shank portion to make a shank proper and an enlarged solid head and then rolling the head lengthwise away from thebody and over a mandrel disposed behind the roll mounted coax: ially with the shank and head, the direction of travel ofthe contacts beinglongitudinal of the mandrel, the rollings being repeated several times and with successively enlarged mandrels. 1 i v v a. The method of making implement sockets comprising cutting blanks from bar stock into a body and shank portion, forging the shank portion into a round member having a neck and an enlargedsolid head, and then by successive operations, forcing successively larger mandrels into the end of the enlarged head and at the same time rolling the material of the head lengthwise over the mandrel by rolls having successively larger passes, said rolls having their axes in a plane transverse to the mandrel and anterior thereto. I

5. An apparatus for making implement sockets comprising a pair of cooperating rolls each having a successively enlarging series of grooves whereby a series of successively enlarged passes is provided and a series of mandrels held behind the passes and pointing toward them in such manner as to resist the thrust of the blank toward the mandrel, the mandrels being enlarged in the same order as the passes.

6. In an apparatus for making implement sockets, the combination of apair of rolls having sets of cooperating grooves to form passes, said passes being successively enlarged, and successively enlarged and tapered mandrcls rigidly mounted behind the rolls with their axes in alignment With the passes, and means for driving the rolls in such direction that the proximate portions of their surfaces move toward the mandrel.

7 In an apparatus for making implement sockets, the combination of a pair of rolls provided with successively enlarged cooperating grooves, a movable frame carrying one of the'rolls, means for moving said frame to adjust the approach of the rolls, and a series of mandrels rigidly carried behind the respective passes and pointing toward them.

8. An apparatus for making implement sockets comprising a pair of cooperating rolls with successively enlarged passes, a series of successively enlarged mandrels entirely behind the passes of the rolls and registered with them respectively, and means for driving the opposed rolls in the contrary direction of rotation so that the adjacent portions of their surfaces will move in the same direction and toward the man drels.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto aflix my signatur JOHN E. BRYERS. 

